1.  Which of following will not cause Parkinson-like symptoms.

 A. Tranquilizers (chlorpromazine and reserpine)
 B. Manganese poisoning
 C. Carbon monoxide poisoning
 D. Kinecterus 
 E. Arteriosclerotic infarcts

2.  Field H1 refers to which of the following.

 A. Thalamic fasciculus
 B. Subcallosal bundle
 C. VL thalamic nuclei
 D. Ansa lenticularis
 E. Lenticular fasciculus

3.  A lesion of the subthalamus is most likely to cause.

 A. Parkinsonism
 B. Hemiballism
 C. Athetosis
 D. Wilson's Disease
 E. None of the above

4.  Corpus striatum refers to.

 A. The extrapyramidal structures subthalamus and zona incerta
 B. The caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus
 C. The globus pallidus and putamen
 D. The caudate and putamen
 E. The internal capsule as it passes between the basal ganglia

5.  All of the following are true of athetosis except.

 A. Etiology possible is anoxia at birth
 B. Instability of posture
 C. Marble appearance of the putamen
 D. Possible etiology is an increase in bilirubin
 E. Snake-like movements resulting from caudate lesion

6.  All of the following are true of hepatolenticular disease except.

 A. There is excessive serum level of unbound copper
 B. In early childhood, rigidities predominate
 C. Putamen appears marble-like in appearance
 D. Tremor is present in adults
 E. There is disposition of copper in the liver

7.  Field H2 refers to.

 A. Ansa lenticularis
 B. Thalamic fasciculus
 C. VL thalamic nuclei
 D. Lenticular fasciculus
 E. Junction of ansa lenticularis and lenticular 

8.  Lentiform nucleus refers to. 

 A. Neostriatum
 B. Lenticular fasciculus
 C. Caudate and putamen
 D. Amygdaloid complex and putamen
 E. Globus pallidus and putamen

9. All of the following may result in Parkinsonism like symptoms except.

 A. Manganese poisoning
 B. Necrosis of the globus pallidus from carbon monoxide poisoning. 
 C. Anterior choroidal artery occlusion.
 D. Swine flu post-encephalitis
 E. Reserpine

10. All of the following are subthalamic efferent projections except.

 A. Red nucleus
 B. Zona incerta
 C. Midbrain tegmentum 
 D. Interpeduncular nucleus
 E. Substantia nigra

11. Hemiballism occurs contralateral to a lesion in the.

 A. Caudate nucleus
 B. Subthalamic nucleus
 C. Putamen
 D. Globus pallidus
 E. Substantia nigra

12. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the predominant neurotransmitter in all of the following 
      except.  

 A. Strionigral fibers
 B. Striopallidal fibers
 C. Subthalamopallidal fibers
 D. Corticostriate fibers
 E. Pallidonigral fibers.

13. One of the following forms of dyskinesia is usually associated with spastic paralysis.

 A. Chorea
 B. Paralysis agitans
 C. Hemiballism
 D. Athetosis
 E. Myoclonus

14. Anti-cholinergic drugs relieve which of the following symptoms in Parkinsonism.

 A. Tremor
 B. Rigidity
 C. Bradykinesia
 D. Righting reflex
 E. "Pill-rolling" movements

15. All of the nuclei are related to the "extrapyramidal" system except.

 A. Subthalamus
 B. Zona incerta
 C. Dorsal tegmental nucleus
 D. Globus pallidus
 E. Nucleus accumbens
 F. Substantia nigra
 G. VL nucleus
 H. Red nucleus
 I. Putamen
 J. Caudate nucleus

16. All of the following are true in regard to hepatolenticular disease except.

 A. Also known as Wilson's disease
 B. There is excessive serum level of unbound copper
 C. Disposition of copper occurs in the scleral junction with a resultant greenish-brown pigmentation.
 D. Early adulthood is characterized by rigidity
 E. It is a familial disorder of recessive inheritance.

17. Hyperkinetic syndromes such as ballism, athetosis and chorea are related to a problem of thalamic 
      disinhibition related to which of the following neurotransmitters.  

 A. Dopamine            
 B. Gamma aminobutyric acid
 C. Acetylcholine            
 D. Dopamine and gamma aminobutyric acid
 E. Substance P and enkephalin

18. Which of the following chromosomes is responsible for Huntington's chorea.

 A. 16
 B. 2
 C. 10
 D. 4
 E. 20

19. Which of the following is not part of the extrapyramidal system.

 A. Zona incerta
 B. Subcallosal bundle
 C. VL thalamic nucleus
 D. Corpus striatum
 E. Interpeduncular nucleus

20. Parkinsonism has many causative agents.  Which of the following would not cause it.

 A. Swine flu caused encephalitis
 B. Carbon monoxide poisoning 
 C. Heroin withdrawal
 D. Arteriosclerosis
 E. Manganese poisoning

21. A symptom not significant to Parkinsonism is.

 A. "Pill rolling"
 B. Dystonia
 C. Intention tremor
 D. Akinesia
 E. Abnormal righting reflexes

22. Chorea.

 A. Is a constant, uncoordinated but voluntary movement
 B. Is never due to genetic factors
 C. Is due to a lesion of the motor cortex
 D. Is often due to Huntington's Disease
 E. Is found only bilaterally

23. Kinecterus in infants can result in.

 A. Parkinsonism
 B. Double athetosis
 C. Hemiballism
 D. Degeneration of the subthalamus
 E. Generalized chorea

24. Treatment of Parkinsonism does not include.

 A. L-Dopa therapy
 B. Lesioning the substantia nigra
 C. Lesioning the VA or VL thalamus
 D. Anti-cholinergic drugs
 E. Lesioning the caudate nucleus

25. Hyperkinetic syndromes, such as chorea and athetosis, are usually associated with pathologic changes in.

 A. The motor areas of the cerebral cortex
 B. The pathways for recurrent collateral inhibition in the spinal cord
 C. Those portions of the reticular formation controlling the gamma innervation of muscle spindles
 D. The anterior hypothalamus
 E. The basal ganglia complex

26. Parkinsonism. 

 A. Usually refers to symptoms of tremor, rigidity, and akinesia and defects in righting reflexes
 B. Begins at about 20 years of age
 C. Is caused only by substantia nigra defects
 D. Is usually life threatening
 E. None of the above

27. Which of the following is not true of the extrapyramidal system.

 A. The lenticular fasciculus is comprised of axons of neurons located in the medial globus pallidus.
 B. The zona incerta is a mass of neurons that receive projections from the basal ganglia.
 C. The old treatment of Parkinsonism consisted of anticholinergic drugs.
 D. L-dopa treatment isn't as efficient in treating Parkinsonism as a surgical lesion of the ventral lateral 
           nucleus of the thalamus.
 E. None of the above.

28. Wilson's Disease is.

 A. A disease affecting the cerebellum.
 B. Also called double athetosis
 C. Is a metabolic defect related to the copper binding globulin ceruloplasmin
 D. Is a metabolic effect related to the loss of hypothalamic releasing factors
 E. None of the above

29. The term lentiform nucleus refers to.

 A. Caudate and putamen
 B. Caudate and globus pallidus
 C. Putamen and globus pallidus
 D. Caudate
 E. Putamen
 F. Globus pallidus

30. All of the following are major pathways in the extrapyramidal system except.

 A. Motor cortex --> caudate --> globus pallidus --> VL thalamus --> motor cortex
 B. Caudate --> globus pallidus --> substantia nigra --> caudate
 C. Motor cortex --> caudate and putamen --> globus pallidus--> subthalamus -->tegmentum
 D. Motor cortex --> globus pallidus --> prerubral field --> red nucleus --> lower motor neurons
 E. Motor cortex --> caudate and putamen --> globus pallidus --> substantia nigra --> tegmentum

31. Which efferent bundle arises from the lateral portion of the globus pallidus?

 A. Lenticular fasciculus
 B. Pallidotegmental fiber
 C. Pallidosubthalmic
 D. Ansa lenticularis 
 E. Thalmostriate fibers

32. Which is an example of the feedback system in the basal ganglia.

 A. Cerebral cortex --> putamen and caudate --> globus pallidus --> VA, VL thalamus --> cerebral cortex
 B. Cerebellar cortex --> putamen, globus pallidus --> caudate --> VA, VL thalamus --> cerebellar cortex
 C. Centromedian nucleus of thalamus --> caudate --> pars compacta --> globus pallidus --> thalamus
 D. Globus pallidus --> subthalamic nuclei --> parvocellularis --> substantia nigra à thalamus -->globus pallidus

33. The substantia nigra has both efferent from and afferents to.

 A. Forel's field
 B. Subthalamus magnocellular region
 C. Globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen
 D. Motor cortex, dentate of cerebellum, or prerubral region

34. All of the following are true of the globus pallidus except.

 A. All major output is via globus pallidus
 B. It sends efferents to red nucleus and zona incerta
 C. Reciprocal connections exist between globus pallidus
 D. Lesion of GP results in snake-like movements

35. Cerebral paraplegia in flexion refers to.

 A. A motor symptom seen in prefrontal lobe lesions
 B. A motor symptomology seen in Wilson's disease
 C. A state of being unable to bend one's body or to walk without severe ataxia
 D. A state where the individual would lay curled up in a bed unable to adjust his position
 E. A set of symptoms seen after a thalamic lesion

36. All of the following fiber connections are correct for the extrapyramidal system except.

 A. Motor cortex --> caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
 B. Subthalamus --> globus pallidus, substantia nigra, putamen
 C. Red nucleus --> VL thalamus, spinal cord, inferior olive, reticular formation
 D. Globus pallidus --> subthalamus, substantia nigra, zona incerta, VA and VL thalamus, tegmentum, 
           hypothalamus
 E. Substantia nigra --> basal ganglia, tegmentum, subthalamus

37. A genetic disorder affecting copper binding globulin ceruloplasm is.

 A. Cushing's disease
 B. Wilson's disease
 C. Korsakoff syndrome
 D. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
 E. Van Ecomomo's disease 
 F. Anderson's disease

38. All of the following are true of Huntington's disease except.

 A. It produces chorea
 B. It produces dementia
 C. It is genetic (autosomal dominant)
 D. Treatment is chloropromazine
 E. It results in cellular necrosis in basal ganglia and cortex

39. Each of the following symptoms might be seen in Parkinsonism except.

 A. Bradykinesia
 B. Decerebrate rigidity resulting in cogwheel effect
 C. Tremor at rest (8/sec)
 D. Difficulty in initiating movements
 E. Turning movements are "en bloc" in type

40. Tarditive Dyskinesia refers to the Parkinsonism type motor problems due to chemicals or drugs. Which 
      would not fall into this disease classification.

 A. Phenothiazides which block postsynaptic receptors for dopaminergic synapses
 B. Chlorpromazine that interferes with the storage of dopamine within nerve cells
 C. Reserpine that interferes with the storage of dopamine within nerve cells
 D. Manganese which affects enzymes for synthesis of dopamine
 E. None of the above

41. Each of the following is true in regard to the basal ganglia except.

 A. The major input to the caudate and putamen is the cerebral cortex sensory regions
 B. The major output of the caudate and putamen is to the globus pallidus
 C. The major output of the globus pallidus is to the VL and VA thalamus
 D. The basal ganglia and substantia nigra have reciprocal connections
 E. Surgical section of the motor system will often eliminate certain disorders of movement

42. A disease characterized by chorea, dementia and personality alterations is.

 A. Parkinsonism
 B. Wilson's disease
 C. Hepatolenticular degeneration
 D. Huntington's disease
 E. Mongolism

43. Bilateral generalized chorea could occur as a result of.

 A. Carbon monoxide poisoning
 B. L-Dopa toxicity
 C. Unilateral lesion of subthalamus
 D. Substantia nigra lesions
 E. Copper binding globulin deficiency

44. All of the following relieve some Parkinsonism symptomology except.

 A. Pharmacological treatment with atropine relieves some rigidity
 B. L-Dopa relieves tremor, rigidity and some akinesia
 C. Lesions of VL thalamic nucleus reduces contralateral tremor and some contralateral rigidity
 D. Pharmacological treatment with belladonna relieves some rigidity
 E. Lesions of the substantia nigra relieves akinesia and resting tremor